The idea of this early Kingship was based on two grand concepts based from Hinduism (which the Thais inherited from its previous rulers the Khmers) and Theravada Buddhist beliefs. The first concept is based on the Vedic-Hindu caste of: “Kshatriya”, or warrior-ruler, in which the King derives his powers from military might. The second is based on the Theravada Buddhist concept of “Dhammaraja”, Buddhism having been introduced to Thailand somewhere around the sixth century AD. The idea of the Dhammaraja (or Kingship under Dharma), is that the King should rule his people in accordance with Dharma and the teachings of the Buddha. These ideas were briefly replaced in 1279, when King Ramkhamhaeng came to the throne. Ramkhamhaeng departed from the Khmer tradition and created instead a concept of “paternal rule”, in which the King governs his people as a father would govern his children. This idea is reinforced in the title of the King, as he is still known today, Pho Khun Ramkhamhaeng (“Pho” is Thai for Father). However this lasted only briefly, by the end of the Kingdom the two old concepts had returned as symbolized by the change in the style of the Kings; “Pho” was changed to “Phya” or Lord.
During this time, Sukhothai prospered in art, culture, and trade. It was a significant trade junction because of its " duty-free " tax policy and permission for people to trade freely. Through contact and trade with various groups from the nearby kingdoms, Sukhothai became the center of civilization in many aspects such as religion, art, culture, and tradition.
During the reign of King Ramkhamhaeng, the Sri Lankan derivation of Hinayana Buddhism was introduced through Nakhon Si Thammarat and strongly influenced Sukhothai art. It was regarded as the most beautiful art, with its own individual style. Sukhothai created beautiful bronze Buddha images under the influence of Lankan art. In addition, at this time a style of chinaware was adopted from Chinese craftsmen trading with Sukhothai.
Through him Sukhothai became ever more prosperous and the Sukhothai holdings expanded greatly. Sukhothai declined rapidly after Ramkhamhaeng's death, as vassal states broke away from the suzerainty of his weak successors. After the reign of King Ramkhamhaeng, Sukhothai lost much of its power, so King Li Thai, who ruled Sukhothai during AD 1347-1370, attempted to use Buddhism to restore and strengthen the government. Following his reign, the Sukhothai Kingdom declined further and, in AD 1437, it finally merged with the Ayutthaya kingdom. Despite the reputation of its later kings for wisdom and piety, the politically weakened Sukhothai was forced to submit in 1378 to the Thai kingdom of Ayutthaya.
The idea of this early Kingship was based on two grand concepts based from Hinduism (which the Thais inherited from its previous rulers the Khmers) and Theravada Buddhist beliefs. The first concept is based on the Vedic-Hindu caste of: “Kshatriya”, or warrior-ruler, in which the King derives his powers from military might. The second is based on the Theravada Buddhist concept of “Dhammaraja”, Buddhism having been introduced to Thailand somewhere around the sixth century AD. The idea of the Dhammaraja (or Kingship under Dharma), is that the King should rule his people in accordance with Dharma and the teachings of the Buddha. These ideas were briefly replaced in 1279, when King Ramkhamhaeng came to the throne. Ramkhamhaeng departed from the Khmer tradition and created instead a concept of “paternal rule”, in which the King governs his people as a father would govern his children. This idea is reinforced in the title of the King, as he is still known today, Pho Khun Ramkhamhaeng (“Pho” is Thai for Father). However this lasted only briefly, by the end of the Kingdom the two old concepts had returned as symbolized by the change in the style of the Kings; “Pho” was changed to “Phya” or Lord.During this time, Sukhothai prospered in art, culture, and trade. It was a significant trade junction because of its " duty-free " tax policy and permission for people to trade freely. Through contact and trade with various groups from the nearby kingdoms, Sukhothai became the center of civilization in many aspects such as religion, art, culture, and tradition.
During the reign of King Ramkhamhaeng, the Sri Lankan derivation of Hinayana Buddhism was introduced through Nakhon Si Thammarat and strongly influenced Sukhothai art. It was regarded as the most beautiful art, with its own individual style. Sukhothai created beautiful bronze Buddha images under the influence of Lankan art. In addition, at this time a style of chinaware was adopted from Chinese craftsmen trading with Sukhothai.
Through him Sukhothai became ever more prosperous and the Sukhothai holdings expanded greatly. Sukhothai declined rapidly after Ramkhamhaeng's death, as vassal states broke away from the suzerainty of his weak successors. After the reign of King Ramkhamhaeng, Sukhothai lost much of its power, so King Li Thai, who ruled Sukhothai during AD 1347-1370, attempted to use Buddhism to restore and strengthen the government. Following his reign, the Sukhothai Kingdom declined further and, in AD 1437, it finally merged with the Ayutthaya kingdom. Despite the reputation of its later kings for wisdom and piety, the politically weakened Sukhothai was forced to submit in 1378 to the Thai kingdom of Ayutthaya.
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