Locke (1632–1704) was sixteen years old when Charles I was beheaded and Parliament abolished the monarchy. Yet only eleven years later, Parliament invited the son of the late king to return from his exile in France—where Hobbes had been one of his tutors—to restore the monarchy. This Restoration brought relief from political turmoil, but it proved to be only temporary. As Charles II grew older, it became clear that he would leave noblegitimate heir to the throne. This situation placed his brother James in position to be the next king and aroused the suspicion that James, a Catholic, would try to take England back into the Catholic camp—and to become, like his cousin Louis XIV of France, an absolute ruler.