The next approach to theories of teaching Zahorik terms “theory-philosophy conceptions.”
“Their truth is not based on a posteriori conditions or on what works. Rather, their truth is
based on what ought to work or what is morally right” (Zahorik, 1986, p. 22). Teaching
conceptions which are derived from what ought to work are essentially theory-based or
rationalist in approach, whereas those which are derived from beliefs about what is viewed
as morally right are values-based approaches.