The clinical examination at 4 years of age revealed that 37% (126 ⁄ 340) of children had no visible signs of caries and 63% (214 ⁄ 340) presented ECC. Mean d1+mft was 3.78 (SD 4.46) and median(Q1–Q3) was 2.0 (0–6). The ‘d1+’ component (noncavitated or cavitated) contributed mostly to the d1+mft index (96.7%) while filled (2.3%) and missing teeth (1.0%) were uncommon. The proportion of children with ECC (main outcome) was 53.9%(76 ⁄ 141) across the intervention group and 69.3%(138 ⁄ 199) among controls (Table 3), a reduction of 22% (RR 0.78; 95% CI 0.65–0.93).