Two years after the foundations of Bramante’s St Peter’s were laid, work began on a pilgrimage church just outside the small hill-town of Todi, north of Rome. The architect named in the contract, Cola da Caprarola (fl.1499-1519) is otherwise almost unknown. Nowhere, however, was the Christian-humanist ideal of Alberti, Leonardo and and Bramante realized in purer from (11.23). Crowned with a dome, standing in open ground and offering same aspect on all sides, without windows at eye-level so that pilgrims and worshippers might not be distracted. By the outside world of a crystalline