Differences in growth and morphology were also observed for encapsulated shoot tips treated with different light mixtures (Table 1). Shoot lengths were greatly increased with higher proportions of Red LEDs (i.e., R9B1 or R7B3) and greatly decreased with higher proportions of Blue LEDs (i.e., R3B7), irrespective of the sowing medium. A similar trend was also found for leaf numbers although, after further subculture the highest values were obtained under the R7B3 lights. In contrast, shoot numbers were greatly affected by the growing medium. No matter which light irradiation was used, the production of 2.9–7.7 shoots from one single encapsulated shoot tip or from one excised shoot was obtained on hormone-containing MS media, whereas multipleshoots were not obtained on the hormone-free MS medium (Table 1). Leaf areas were not significantly different, regardless of light treatment (Table 1, P < 0.05), but were increased in the presence of auxin, as compared with cytokinins, in MS medium (i.e., 1.5–1.7 cm2 vs. 0.3–0.5 cm2),translating into a corresponding accumulation of chlorophyll (i.e., 4.9–8.3 SPAD leaf−1 vs. 0.9–2.5 SPAD leaf−1). In comparison with fluorescent lamps, all LED treatments enhanced leaf chlorophyll content after the first culture passage, withtheR7B3 treatment consistentlyproviding significantlyhigher amounts after the second culture passage. Roots were not formed on any cytokinin-containing MS media; however, in both culture stages, treatments with higher proportions of Red to Blue LEDs (i.e., R9B1 and R7B3) consistently resulted in plantlets with some of the most numerous and longest roots on MS medium with auxin or without hormones. Increases in root length in R9B1 and R7B3 LED treatments led to corresponding increases in root biomass accumulation after the first culture stage but these varied greatly after the second culture stage, and a similar pattern was observed for shoot biomass (Table 1).