Figure 2 shows how the composition of gifted fourth grade classrooms varies with the overall
fraction of FRL students at different schools.8 We distinguish four groups of participants: Plan A and
Plan B gifted students, advantaged (non‐FRL/ELL) high achievers, and disadvantaged (FRL/ELL) high
achievers. Plan A gifted children are concentrated at richer schools with lower FRL rates, whereas Plan B
children are concentrated at schools with moderate to high levels of FRL participation. Advantaged high
achievers are more evenly distributed, and represent about 40% of the students in gifted classrooms at
schools with 10‐70% FRL participation. Disadvantaged high achievers are the modal group at schools
with FRL rates over 65%, and make up the vast majority of participants at very poor schools.