In the second case, we assume that the guard is incorrectly connected to the source
ground.
This connection effectively shorts out VGL. However, VN still produces a DM
interference voltage at the meter input.
The equivalent circuit for this case is shown in Figure 3.43. Again, a bridge circuit is formed with an unbalance voltage, Vd, of:
In the third case, shown in Figure 3.44,
the guard is incorrectly connected to the meter’s LO terminal.
Here, it is easy to see that:
Figure 3.45 illustrates the fourth case where the guard is incorrectly connected to the
meter ground, shorting out Z2.
The differential interference voltage is found from the bridge circuit to be approximately:
In the fifth example, the guard terminal is correctly connected to the source LO (i.e.
the node between RC2, RS and VN ).
This situation is shown in Figure 3.46. Clearly in this case, VB¼Vd¼0, and there is no DM component at the meter input from the coherent noise voltages.