Limited reach of alternative delivery networks
As highlighted in the previous section, cable television and Ku-band TV platforms are little developed.
In the case of satellite Ku-band services, constraints associated with rain fade impacting the quality of
signals, and the very limited capacity available over Eastern Indonesia may represent limiting factors.
In parallel, terrestrial UHF transmitters that distribute over-the-air television also cover only a fraction
of the population, especially in areas with lower incomes or population densities, in Eastern Indonesia
and outside of major cities. We understand that the cost of UHF transmitters, averaging $300,000 plus
operational expenses, is problematic for broadcasters to recoup in rural areas where low incomes
make the population, within the 50-100 km which such equipment can cover, unattractive to
advertisers.