Certain video codecs have been selected as mandatory or recommended in mobile multimedia services and therefore set the basis for video coding for mobile video applications. However, as the video coding standards specify the syntax and semantics of the bitstream as well as the decoder operation responding to errorfree bitstreams, tackling of many of the characteristics of mobile video applications, such as error robustness, is left to codec implementations. This section first reviews the coding standards for mobile video applications and then discusses selected aspects for mobile video coding, namely error robustness, latency and bitrate variation, and scalability to network conditions and receiver capabilities.