Pain – generally increases BP. However, severe pain can cause shock. BP is seriously low in the state of shock. 6. Exercise – increases HR and BP; so BP should not be measured right after exercise. 7. Weight – BP is higher in overweight persons. BP lowers with weight loss. 8. Race – black persons generally have higher BP than white persons do. 9. Diet – a high-sodium diet increases the amount of water in the body. Extra fluid volume increases BP. 10. Medications – drugs can be given to raise or lower BP. Other drugs have side effects of high or low BP. 11. Position – BP is lower when lying down and higher in standing position. Sudden changes in position can cause sudden changes in BP (orthostatic hypotension). A person who stands suddenly may have sudden drop in BP. Dizziness and fainting can occur. 12. Alcohol – excessive alcohol intake can raise BP