Clinical data and information were collected from the
medical records of the enrolled infants and included the
response to intravenous indomethacin or oral ibuprofen
(closed or failed), the need for surgical ligation, and
adverse effects associated with indomethacin or
ibuprofen. The endpoint for medical therapy of PDA
closure and complication has been the end of the initial
medical treatment. Adverse events included oliguria
(urine output