. Control measures
In general, strategic management of atmospheric pollution through policy should be translated into a specific set of control measures that have to be realistic and applicable for a concrete target activity (Vlachokostas et al., 2011). To this respect, a number of actions and measures were identified from the different national air quality man- agement plans that have been implemented in Spain in the past years and that are deemed responsible for the experienced trend in the na- tional air quality situation. For the future years, it was considered that CLE prevails and that no extraordinary actions to tackle air pollution will take place. For the purposes of this study, the CLE situation in Spain is the one defined by Directive 2008/50/EC and its respective transposition to the national regulatory framework through the Royal Decree 102/2011 and Law 34/2007 (Orío et al., 2013). The concrete measures that were identified are shown in Table 2, and classified as technical (TM) and non-technical measures (NTM) following the end- of-pipe criterion established in the GAINS modelling framework (Schucht, 2005). Due to the difficulty associated with the allocation of a reduction percentage to NTM, these were not considered for the pro- jection of emission scenarios (D'Elia et al., 2009). The selected TM were differentiated by the administrative level that applied them (national, regional and local) according to the information submitted by Spain to the European Commission (Questionnaire 461 on Directive 1999/30/ EC).
. Control measuresIn general, strategic management of atmospheric pollution through policy should be translated into a specific set of control measures that have to be realistic and applicable for a concrete target activity (Vlachokostas et al., 2011). To this respect, a number of actions and measures were identified from the different national air quality man- agement plans that have been implemented in Spain in the past years and that are deemed responsible for the experienced trend in the na- tional air quality situation. For the future years, it was considered that CLE prevails and that no extraordinary actions to tackle air pollution will take place. For the purposes of this study, the CLE situation in Spain is the one defined by Directive 2008/50/EC and its respective transposition to the national regulatory framework through the Royal Decree 102/2011 and Law 34/2007 (Orío et al., 2013). The concrete measures that were identified are shown in Table 2, and classified as technical (TM) and non-technical measures (NTM) following the end- of-pipe criterion established in the GAINS modelling framework (Schucht, 2005). Due to the difficulty associated with the allocation of a reduction percentage to NTM, these were not considered for the pro- jection of emission scenarios (D'Elia et al., 2009). The selected TM were differentiated by the administrative level that applied them (national, regional and local) according to the information submitted by Spain to the European Commission (Questionnaire 461 on Directive 1999/30/ EC).
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