0:03 up
0:10 the year was nineteen hundred max plank had finally devised a means of solving
0:14 the problem that haunted him for the better part of the decade
0:17 what was the relationship between the intensity of a blackbody
0:21 like the SUN in the frequency of the liked it admitted
0:24 though he had at last arrived at an answer frank was dissatisfied
0:28 his solution utilize the ideas that Ludwig Boltzmann
0:31 idea so outrageous that almost nobody accepted them
0:35 but because no conventional attempt at a solution was forthcoming
0:38 plan complete these highly unorthodox ideas out of desperation
0:42 little did he know that in doing so yet plunged headfirst into realms of Physics
0:47 had there too unknown and untested
0:49 what he discovered would fundamentally change our understanding of nature
0:53 forever
0:56 up
1:02 up
1:09 in
1:09 order to begin to understand what motivated the development of quantum
1:13 theory
1:13 one must first understand the status a physics at the end of the 19th century
1:17 at the time there were three main branches a physics first there was
1:21 mechanics
1:22 which was designed to predict the motions have masses things that were
1:25 influenced by gravity
1:27 then there was thermodynamics which was concerned with the relation to Pete
1:31 in temperature to energy and forces finally there was electromagnetism
1:36 which dealt with interactions between charged particles it is within the realm
1:40 of electromagnetism
1:41 that the story of quantum mechanics begins in the early 1860s
1:47 James Clerk Maxwell had produced to set up the questions that summarized
1:51 electromagnetism
1:52 before Maxwell electricity and magnetism were considered to separate forces
1:57 but as the 19th century progressed its deadly became more and more clear that
2:01 these two interactions were fundamentally related
2:04 as it turned out they were both the product of charge
2:07 charge is an analog mass
2:10 like mass charges an inherent property of matter that is associated with the
2:15 fundamental interaction
2:16 mass produces gravitational fields in these fields cause mass is to attract
2:21 one another
2:22 similarly charge produces electric fields
2:25 which interact with other charges by causing them to either attract or repel
2:29 the concept to fields can be somewhat counterintuitive
2:32 so it might be helpful to think of them as odors the closer you are to the
2:36 source
2:37 have an odor the more strongly you feel its effects if you dislike the older
2:41 you'll tend to move away from the source but if you find the older attractive
2:45 you'll turn to come in closer electric fields work analogously
2:49 obvious the charges will be pulled toward each other because their fields
2:53 her odors attract one another like charges will move away from each other
2:57 because their fields repel them
2:59 when these charges begin to move they generate magnetic fields
3:03 which further affect the motions have other charges additionally
3:07 it was discovered that not only to change in electric fields generate
3:11 magnetic fields
3:12 but changing magnetic fields will also produce changing electric fields