A Place in the University
Like mathematics education itself, research in mathematics education began primarily in the universities. The Protestant universities of Prussia at the beginning of the 19th century sparked a reform of higher education that eventually spread to other countries and that led to the differentiation and professionalization of the modern scientific disciplines (Grattan- Guinness, 1988 Jahnke, 1986; Pyenson, 1985; Schubring, 1988b Shils, 1978).