Another action taken is the protection of
transmission routes. Routes near the seashore
have been moved inland as far as possible.
Routes near the nuclear power plant have been
reconsidered taking into account future potential
accidents. Cables running across bridges were
moved to underwater crossings so that they survive even if the bridge is washed away. Transmission routes are made redundant by forming a
loop ring linking multiple exchanges, and these
rings are small; by-pass routes (ladders) are
added for more resiliency.