The power is typically determined by locational margin
price (LMP) [28] driven by the load that varies with time. A
constrained optimization problem can be used to derive theLMP
from the load and other parameters, where the Lagrange factors
of the constraints are considered as pricesTo efficiently link together the large number of smart grid
components, a powerful data communications infrastructure
will be provided. It is expected that part of this infrastructure
will make use of the power distribution lines themselves as
communications carriers using PLC technology [29]. It is also
expected to have a combination of wireless technologies to
establish a reliable communications infrastructure. Also, recent
standardization efforts under the umbrella of IEEE (P1901.2),
ITU (ITU-G.hnem), and others are