Ginger and Its Medicinal Effects
The antinausea effect of ginger was first described in one of the canons of traditional Chinese medicine—the Synopsis of the Prescriptions of Golden Chamber[14]—in 200 AD. Ginger is the underground stem (or rhizome) of the perennial plant Zingiber officinale, which is indigenous to China and India but is cultivated all over the world. From the body of ginger sprouts the peudostems, which branch off to leaves that can reach 2 feet in height.[15] Analysis of ginger reveals 2 major classes of phytochemicals: volatile oils, which give ginger its pleasant smell,[16] and the nonvolatile compounds (eg, gingerols and zingerones), which account for its piquant taste and its pharmacological effects.[17] Many studies of the antiemetic nature of ginger for various conditions have been published but with mixed results. While evidence supports benefits of ginger for seasickness,[18] motion sickness,[19] and postoperative nausea and vomiting,[20] its use in preventing chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting is still conflicting.[21,22] Ginger also has been demonstrated to be effective in treating nausea and vomiting in pregnancy to the extent that it is as effective as vitamin B6 alone.[23–27] The exact antiemetic mechanisms of ginger are still unknown, but in vitro studies revealed antagonistic effects of gingerols on serotonergic 5-HT3 [28,29] and cholinergic M receptors.[29]So far, no direct adverse effects on human fetuses or the course of pregnancy have been demonstrated.[24–27] However, there had been concerns about interfering with fetal development, which led to the issuance within Finland and Denmark of warning labels for all supplements containing ginger.[30] It is also recognized that ginger has potent anticoagulant effects, which may enhance bleeding and miscarriages and interact with other medications.[30] At present, there are no large-scale studies ascertaining the safety of ginger. That said, in Europe and North America the current consensus for the maximum safe dose of ginger is 2 g/day in divided doses of 250 mg, even during pregnancy.[30]
ขิงและผลของยาThe antinausea effect of ginger was first described in one of the canons of traditional Chinese medicine—the Synopsis of the Prescriptions of Golden Chamber[14]—in 200 AD. Ginger is the underground stem (or rhizome) of the perennial plant Zingiber officinale, which is indigenous to China and India but is cultivated all over the world. From the body of ginger sprouts the peudostems, which branch off to leaves that can reach 2 feet in height.[15] Analysis of ginger reveals 2 major classes of phytochemicals: volatile oils, which give ginger its pleasant smell,[16] and the nonvolatile compounds (eg, gingerols and zingerones), which account for its piquant taste and its pharmacological effects.[17] Many studies of the antiemetic nature of ginger for various conditions have been published but with mixed results. While evidence supports benefits of ginger for seasickness,[18] motion sickness,[19] and postoperative nausea and vomiting,[20] its use in preventing chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting is still conflicting.[21,22] Ginger also has been demonstrated to be effective in treating nausea and vomiting in pregnancy to the extent that it is as effective as vitamin B6 alone.[23–27] The exact antiemetic mechanisms of ginger are still unknown, but in vitro studies revealed antagonistic effects of gingerols on serotonergic 5-HT3 [28,29] and cholinergic M receptors.[29]So far, no direct adverse effects on human fetuses or the course of pregnancy have been demonstrated.[24–27] However, there had been concerns about interfering with fetal development, which led to the issuance within Finland and Denmark of warning labels for all supplements containing ginger.[30] It is also recognized that ginger has potent anticoagulant effects, which may enhance bleeding and miscarriages and interact with other medications.[30] At present, there are no large-scale studies ascertaining the safety of ginger. That said, in Europe and North America the current consensus for the maximum safe dose of ginger is 2 g/day in divided doses of 250 mg, even during pregnancy.[30]
การแปล กรุณารอสักครู่..
