. Properties of phytosomes
2.1. Chemical properties
A phytosomes is a complex between a natural productand natural phospholipids, like soy phospholipids. Sucha complex results from the reaction of stoichiometricamounts of phospholipid with the selected polyphenol (likesimple avonoids) in a nonpolar solvent [6]. On the basis of their physicochemical and spectroscopic data,it has been shown that the main phospholipid-substrateinteraction is due to the formation of hydrogen bonds between the polar head of phospholipids (
i.e.
phosphate
and ammonium groups) and the polar functional groupsof the substrate. They are lipophilic substances with aclear melting point, freely soluble in nonpolar solvents (inwhich the hydrophilic moiety was not), and moderatelysoluble in fats. When treated with water, phytosomes
assume a micellar shape forming liposomal-like struc-
tures. In liposomes the active principle is dissolved inan internal pocket or oats in the layer membrane,while in phytosomes the active principle is anchored to
the polar head of phospholipids, becoming an integral
part of the membrane [8, 11-12].Molecules are anchored through chemical bonds to
the polar head of the phospholipids, as can be demon-
strated by specic spectroscopic techniques [13-14].
2.2. Biological properties
Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies inexperimental animals and in human subjects have beenused to demonstrate the biological behavior of phyto-somes [15]. The increased bioavailability of the phyto-somes over the non complexed botanical derivativeshas been evaluated from these studies [8].
. Properties of phytosomes
2.1. Chemical properties
A phytosomes is a complex between a natural productand natural phospholipids, like soy phospholipids. Sucha complex results from the reaction of stoichiometricamounts of phospholipid with the selected polyphenol (likesimple avonoids) in a nonpolar solvent [6]. On the basis of their physicochemical and spectroscopic data,it has been shown that the main phospholipid-substrateinteraction is due to the formation of hydrogen bonds between the polar head of phospholipids (
i.e.
phosphate
and ammonium groups) and the polar functional groupsof the substrate. They are lipophilic substances with aclear melting point, freely soluble in nonpolar solvents (inwhich the hydrophilic moiety was not), and moderatelysoluble in fats. When treated with water, phytosomes
assume a micellar shape forming liposomal-like struc-
tures. In liposomes the active principle is dissolved inan internal pocket or oats in the layer membrane,while in phytosomes the active principle is anchored to
the polar head of phospholipids, becoming an integral
part of the membrane [8, 11-12].Molecules are anchored through chemical bonds to
the polar head of the phospholipids, as can be demon-
strated by specic spectroscopic techniques [13-14].
2.2. Biological properties
Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies inexperimental animals and in human subjects have beenused to demonstrate the biological behavior of phyto-somes [15]. The increased bioavailability of the phyto-somes over the non complexed botanical derivativeshas been evaluated from these studies [8].
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