•1960s: ROGER TOMLINSON developed the Canada Geographic Information System (CGIS)
•1970s: Developments mainly took place at universities in the United States, in Canada and the United Kingdom.
•1980s: were shaped by the introduction and spread of the personal computer.
•1990s: a period of the breakthrough of object-orientation in system and database design, the recognition of geoinformaticsas a professional activity, and spatial information theory as the theoretical basis for GIS.