In the present day, economic globalization has driven growing interdependence between countries shaping development in various levels. At the global scale, there is the existence of uneven global patterns of economic and social development. Wallerstein (1974) classifies the world into areas and nations ranging from core states, semi-peripheral and peripheral areas, so-called world system theory, which is applicable to hierarchically spatial levels. Globalization steers regional economic integration into six stages, namely the preferential trading area, the free-trade area, the customs union, the common market, economic and monetary union, and complete economic integration (Carbaugh 2009). Globalization also affects national development, which is stimulated by emerging new international divisions of labor in the regional production networks coordinated by transnational companies (Yeung 2001). Regionalization propels cross-border development. Perkmann and Sum (2002) describe a cross border region (CBR) as a territorial unit that comprises contiguous sub-national units from two or more nation-states. Jessop (2002, 25–49) describes that there are at least nine ways in which CBRs have emerged. There are two broad classifications of CBRs. Martinez (1994) cited by Yang (2006) categorizes four paradigms of cross-border interactions, namely alienated borderlands, co-existent borderlands, interdependent borderlands, and integrated borderlands. Meanwhile Krätke (2002, 125–147) discerned three types of cross-border cooperation based on different geographical scales of cross-border linkages between regional economies. These are Type A: long-distance international cooperation; Type B: supra-regional structured cooperation; and Type C: regionally integrated cooperation.