In the short term, poor families gain from child labor; thus there are short-term welfare losses to rural families from sanctions on child labor. For development, however, the biggest cost of child labor is lower future education and the persistence of long-term poverty (box 9.3). Policy proposals for reducing child labor have included restrictions and prohibitions on employment and even trade sanctions. But these sorts of policies are more likely to control wage employment for children, not unpaid family labor. Conditional cash or inkind transfers, which enhance the returns on schooling, are fairly successful in reducing child labor.56 In Ecuador, Bono de Desarrollo Humano reduced child work by an estimated 17 percentage points. Brazil explicitly tackles child labor in the conditions for support in its Program to Eradicate Child Labor.