Creative Accounting and Earning Management is a term that is almost the same.
According to Amat, Blake and Dowd (1999), Creative Accounting is all a process in
which multiple parties using comprehension skills of accounting knowledge (including
standards, techniques, etc.) and use it to modify the financial reporting. Creative
accounting is done through the selection of accounting methods to accelerate or defer a
confession so the effect on financial reporting for an action that is beneficial to the
management.