there are a number of shortcomings that make the inclusion of co- operatives still problematic, if not impossible (Gutberlet, 2011).
Worth mentioning in the legislation is the inclusion of waste incineration as an option before reuse, recycling or composting has been performed. Essentially, cities can choose to go with incineration as a viable option, leaving the entire recycling sector with few options or little power in these decisions. In addition, article 58 excuses governments from including catadore/as in the programmes if the recycling organisation is inefficient. Unfortunately, the reality of most recycling co- operatives is that of serious vulnerability and lack of support – creating serious barriers for them to be efficient in terms of municipal standards.
Few governments in Brazil, and globally, have embraced an inclusive waste management model by recognising the social and economic benefits that are present in working with recycling cooperatives. This support, however minor, is most urgently needed in infrastructure (triage centres, equipment, trucks, etc.) and remuneration where recyclers are paid for the service they provide.
The purpose of this action research project was to strengthen dialogue, using PVs, between governments and recycling co- operatives in three municipalities in the metropolitan region of Sa ̃ o Paulo. Specifically, the project aimed to raise awareness of their struggles and the capacity to provide selective collection services given proper support and remuneration. The following provides a brief description of the methodology and the out- comes of focus group discussions concentrating on the most pressing policy debates.