Our results provide overwhelming support
for Strepsiptera as the closest living relatives of beetles
(Coleoptera). They demonstrate that the larval developmental features of Strepsiptera, reminiscent of those of
hemimetabolous insects, are the result of convergence.
Our analyses solve the long-standing enigma of the
evolutionary roots of Strepsiptera and reveal that the
We sequenced the genome ofMengenilla moldrzyki(Figure 1A), a newly discovered species belonging to the earlydivergent strepsipteran family Mengenillidae [14].