The Agreed Framework, moreover, explicitly acknowledged the possibility of “non-declared” nuclear sites that would in the future become subject to “ad hoc” inspection. In the fall of 2002, the LWRs were coming far enough along so that serious negotiations about how to complete the accounting and inspection process needed to be begin. Reprocessing uranium through centrifuges as has been alleged for North Korea is a slow process requiring huge amounts of power. Had the Bush administration chosen to do so, they would have had time to negotiate a deal about the highly enriched uranium program in conjunction with negotiations about complete accounting of plutonium and ad hoc inspections while the operation of the plutonium-producing graphite moderated reactors were still frozen. Indeed, they could also have negotiated, as did the Clinton administration, on missile development. Because of the Bush administration’s commitment to a “crime and punishment” view of diplomacy, and a conviction that all inducements are “appeasement”, however, this window of opportunity when negotiations to further the Agreed Framework process might have been successful was precisely the period the Bush administration refused to have high level diplomatic contacts with North Korea or to “negotiate” with them. Thus, the Agreed Framework finally expired with the Bush administration’s cutting off of heavy oil shipments to North Korea.