Busby Berkeley never studied dance or took a lesson, yet he was known for his endless ideas for dance routines. Berkeley was one of the top four dance directors on Broadway. His routines were characterized by intricate patterns created by groups of dance. Ingenious camera movements and overhead camera projections made the patterns look as though they were Stop-frame kaleidoscope art. A string of major dance musicals fell under his direction: 42nd Street, Gold Diggers of 1993, 1935 and 1937, and the Rooney-Garland musical Babes in ‘Arms, Strike Up the Band, and Babes on Broadway. Before his retirement in the early 1970s, Berkeley supervised the dance sequences of the Broadway smash No, No, Nannette. Berkeley’s contribution to film meant the movie would never look the same again.