0.01-0.07 Hi Hello everybody. My name is Professor Abd Karim Alias from Universiti Sains Malasia.
0.08-0.16 And in this lecture what talk about the processing of fats and oils with focus on the extraction process.
0.18-0.22 OK let’s start by looking at the overview of the process of oils processing.
0.23-0.38 So basically we start with the raw material .The raw material can be the seed example from soy been seed or the cotton seed sun flower seed oils palm fruit.
0.39-0.49 Then the oil likes to be squeeze out from the raw material so for this purpose we can use two type of extraction.
0.50-0.59 We can use organics solvent extraction will extract the fat oils from the fruit oil from the seed .
1.00-1.22 And another process without using solvent which is basically physical extraction so usually this using mechanical press for example screw press to expell or to extract the oil physically out from the seed or from the oil.
1.23-1.29 At the end of the extraction process what will get is a crude oil.
1.30-1.50 So the crude oil usually contain of teams insoluble component sush as free fatty acid FFA oil can contain phospholipid a lot of pigment and moisture so this something that is undissoluble.
1.51-2.11 So the next process to purify the oil and basically what is called stage or the process of refining to refine the oil to remove as much as possible dissoluble from the crude oil.
2.11-2.20 So the first stage basically the first step of the oil processing is to extract the oil to get crude oil.
2.21-2.31 Then after that refining then the second major stage in the oils processing is the modification .
2.33 The objective of modification is to modify properties of the oil to produce oil product with different physical properties most some of these modification a process for example
2.55 hydrogenation is a very widely use processing industry to increase the melting point and solid fat content of the fat.
3.06 so usually we use this process to produce product like magarine.
3.12 Then also intake vacation(ไม่แน่ใจ ) process and also fractionation process so the idea of this modification process is to produce various type of oil products which has higher value and which can be use for many fortification(ไม่แน่ใจ)
3.35 You maybe familiar with a few types of vegetable oil but the commercial oil can be extracted from various type of seed and fruit
3.46 So for example on this slide can see that
3.50 oil can be extracted from the soybean from the palm oil fruit oil palm fruit from canola from sunflower from the coconut flesh and the from palm kernel.
4.09 So for the oil palm and this is oil palm fruit. The red orange flesh outside from where we can get the crude palm oil and the white flesh inside these decade on palm kernel
4.28 And we can actually extract the palm kernel oil with have different physical and chemical composition from the palm kernel
4.37 on part then oil also can be extracted from corn from cotton seed from Olive Linseed Sunflower and from Castor oil.
4.53 I will no focus on the extraction of palm oil from the oil palm fruit.
4.58 So you can see on the slide here.The picture of a oil palm fruit bunch on the tree and this so picture of the fruit bunch and cross-sectional of the fruit.
5.18 And if you have not seen how the oil palm tree looks like this how is like desert tree quite quite not very tall.
5.33 So you can see the fruit bunch between the front
5.38 and This so you have to be very careful because chop on between a fruits bunch.
5.43 Careful we can get your fingers or your hand injured.
5.50 O.K. this how the fruit bunch the oil palm fruit bunch a looks like if we have not seen one
5.55 So you can see chop on their and these the fruitlets down here you can see the fruitlets splash out or come out from the fruit bunch.
6.11 And we take cross-section of the fruitlets can see the mesocarp on the flesh area this from the path way .
6.22 We can extract or we can get the crude palm oil and white flesh is a palm kernel and surrounded by the shell or hard shell.
6.33 So we can basically we can get two types of oil here.
6.38 The crude palm oil from the mesocarp and the palm kernel oil from the white flesh of kernel part.
6.48 So up-to-date session you can get from the mesocarp from out the flesh.
6.57 We can get it crude palm oil so you the color is very dark orange color
7.03 And here you can see in this picture there the oil has actually separated into layer.
7.11 The bottom layer contain a lot of insoluble component of phospholipids
7.19 And orther things that the need to be remove and the upper layer is basically the oil and the kernel middle part of the fruit palm here this whole looks like actually the shell is very hard
7.36 We have to pick the shell to get into the white flesh and we can extract oil from the kernel to get the crude palm kernel oil
7.50 and this how to crude palm oil looks like it a quite thick and viscous
7.55 It red or