2.1.2. Steam explosion (SE)
The raw, wet L. minor biomass was treated by steam explosion
at the Norwich Research Park Biorefinery Centre using a Cambi™
Steam explosion pilot plant at 210 C for 10 min as described by
Zhao et al. (2015). The steam exploded slurry was measured for
volume and then frozen (40 C) until required for subsequent
simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF). Some
freeze-dried materials were ground by freeze-milling in liquid
nitrogen (Spex Freezer-Mill 6700, Spex Industries Inc., USA) to a
powder for subsequent fermentation.