residues modulo 4 of the powers of the integers a multiple of 3, which are given
in Table 5. This shows that every second column is zero except for the first
element. The reason for this is that the first element contains 2 as a factor,
while all others have 2m as a factor, m > 1, so the results modulo 4 are zero.
The periods of the residues are either 1 or 2, which is expected since φ(4) = 2.