Conducting Interviews
Interviews require careful consideration of language
and translation issues, as well as cultural norms, such
as those related to privacy and gender. For example, it
may be uncomfortable for a male participant to be
interviewed alone by a female researcher, and participants
may be more comfortable being interviewed as a
small group versus individually. It may take special
effort to identify a translator who is able to handle the
sensory experiences of a medical environment and
who can accurately translate and explain abstract
concepts, such as “conscience” or “advocacy” (V.L.).
Similarly, to elicit genuine and meaningful data during
interviews, translators must be trusted and culturally
acceptable; gender and social status may be important
considerations in selecting a translator. It is important
to train the translator and reiterate as needed the study
purpose, the general research approach, the questions
that will be asked, and the importance of maintaining
confidentiality of data and the identity of participants
(which may not be culturally normative). V.L. and S.P.
had to continually remind their translators that interview
questions were designed to be open-ended and to
check the translator’s tendency to “help” participants
by “filling in the blanks.” Participant bias (such as social
Conducting InterviewsInterviews require careful consideration of languageand translation issues, as well as cultural norms, suchas those related to privacy and gender. For example, itmay be uncomfortable for a male participant to beinterviewed alone by a female researcher, and participantsmay be more comfortable being interviewed as asmall group versus individually. It may take specialeffort to identify a translator who is able to handle thesensory experiences of a medical environment andwho can accurately translate and explain abstractconcepts, such as “conscience” or “advocacy” (V.L.).Similarly, to elicit genuine and meaningful data duringinterviews, translators must be trusted and culturallyacceptable; gender and social status may be importantconsiderations in selecting a translator. It is importantto train the translator and reiterate as needed the studypurpose, the general research approach, the questionsthat will be asked, and the importance of maintainingconfidentiality of data and the identity of participants(which may not be culturally normative). V.L. and S.P.had to continually remind their translators that interviewquestions were designed to be open-ended and tocheck the translator’s tendency to “help” participantsby “filling in the blanks.” Participant bias (such as social
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