Manure processed by fly larvae has a loose granular structure with earthy odor and is suitable for use as an organic fertilizer (Sorokoletov, 2006 and Kováčik et al., 2010). Further treatment of manure residue by aerobic composting considerably reduces volume. Manure residue may be also utilized as a soil ammendment to reduce the numbers of cysts, eggs and juveniles of several species of potato cyst nematodes (Renčo et al., 2011).
Zhu et al. (2012) showed that further treatment of fly-digested manure residue by aerobic composting may lead to faster loss of phytotoxicity and, during thermophilic phase of the composting, help to eliminate pathogens. An additional treatment step for waste decomposed by the black soldier fly larvae is also recommended by Lalander et al. (2013) to inactivate pathogenic organisms (bacteria, viruses, nematodes) before reuse in agriculture.