Building a shared research environment in Internet is a challenging task. The licenses for
services and datasets are typically tied to certain universities or geographical locations – if the
licenses are available at all.
In this article we first describe the general environment, in which the language researchers
work e.g. what kind of tools and datasets are being used. Special consideration is given to
data driven language research because it obviously relies on both. A brief summary of the
relevant EU-regulation is also included in this section.
In the second section we document two case examples. The first one is the EU-CLARIN
project, whose goal was to establish an EU-wide network of service providers for language
research tools and datasets. In that project IPR-licensing was one of the key themes, and
considerable resources were used to seek solutions which would have enabled maximum
sharing of the content between all participants. The project also prepared some empirical
research on licensing practices pertaining to the datasets. The key results of this research are
summarized in this section. The chosen three-tiered licensing model (publicly available –
academic content – restricted content) and its justifications are also analyzed in detail.
The second case example is the META-SHARE project, whose aim is to build “an open,
integrated, secure and interoperable sharing and exchange facility” for language resources.
The project also aims to offer the content to any research domain in which language plays a
critical role. In META-SHARE the solution is to use tailored “walled garden” versions of the
Creative Commons licenses to facilitate the distribution among the members and also to offer
special commercial licenses for commercial datasets and tools. We describe in detail how the
licensing is supposed to work and what drawbacks and benefits it has. In the end of the
section, we compare the projects and their outcomes and show how their approaches are
actually complementary to each other.
The last section of this paper starts with a description of how the licensing and general
management of IPRs should be done in an ideal world based on the experiences from the
aforementioned projects. We then proceed to consider to what extent the ideal model could
be implemented in the real world taking into consideration the limited resources and political
realities of IPR regulation. We end the section with an analysis of certain concrete proposals
e.g. collective licensing for research databases and an EU-level general exception to copyright
for research purposes.
Building a shared research environment in Internet is a challenging task. The licenses for
services and datasets are typically tied to certain universities or geographical locations – if the
licenses are available at all.
In this article we first describe the general environment, in which the language researchers
work e.g. what kind of tools and datasets are being used. Special consideration is given to
data driven language research because it obviously relies on both. A brief summary of the
relevant EU-regulation is also included in this section.
In the second section we document two case examples. The first one is the EU-CLARIN
project, whose goal was to establish an EU-wide network of service providers for language
research tools and datasets. In that project IPR-licensing was one of the key themes, and
considerable resources were used to seek solutions which would have enabled maximum
sharing of the content between all participants. The project also prepared some empirical
research on licensing practices pertaining to the datasets. The key results of this research are
summarized in this section. The chosen three-tiered licensing model (publicly available –
academic content – restricted content) and its justifications are also analyzed in detail.
The second case example is the META-SHARE project, whose aim is to build “an open,
integrated, secure and interoperable sharing and exchange facility” for language resources.
The project also aims to offer the content to any research domain in which language plays a
critical role. In META-SHARE the solution is to use tailored “walled garden” versions of the
Creative Commons licenses to facilitate the distribution among the members and also to offer
special commercial licenses for commercial datasets and tools. We describe in detail how the
licensing is supposed to work and what drawbacks and benefits it has. In the end of the
section, we compare the projects and their outcomes and show how their approaches are
actually complementary to each other.
The last section of this paper starts with a description of how the licensing and general
management of IPRs should be done in an ideal world based on the experiences from the
aforementioned projects. We then proceed to consider to what extent the ideal model could
be implemented in the real world taking into consideration the limited resources and political
realities of IPR regulation. We end the section with an analysis of certain concrete proposals
e.g. collective licensing for research databases and an EU-level general exception to copyright
for research purposes.
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