also shifted from a focus on teachers to a focus on learners.
This era also gave birth to the notion and importance of what we know today as learner strategies.
The notion of learning strategies was born in two fields that have developed it independently:
cognitive psychology and second language acquisition.
The former tried to analyze
the strategies that experts employ and then train novices to use them as well.
The
latter preferred to describe the kinds of strategies that are used (Griffiths and Parr,
2001).