Indications for PROM
• When an individual is unable or unsupposed to actively move a segment or segments of the body
– Coma
– paralyzed
– complete bed rest
– inflammatory reaction and painful active ROM
Aims for Treatment by PROM
Controlled passive ROM is used to decrease the complications of immobilization in order to:
1) Maintain joint and connective tissue mobility (avoid adhesions).
2) Minimize the effects of the formation of contractures.
3) Maintain mechanical elasticity of muscle.
4) Assist circulation and vascular dynamics.
5) Enhance synovial movement for cartilage nutrition and diffusion of materials in the joint.
6) Decrease or inhibit pain.
7) Assist with the healing process after injury or surgery.
8) Help maintain the patient’s awareness of movement.
Limitations of PROM
• Cannot prevent muscle atrophy
• Cannotincreasemusclestrengthandendurance
• Cannot improve blood circulation as effectively as applying active movement.
Other Applications of PROM
• Evaluating inert structures
– Used to determine limitations of motion, to determine joint stability, and to determine muscle and other tissue elasticity.
• Teachinganactiveexerciseprogram
– Used to demonstrate the desired motion to the patient.
• Preparing the patient for stretching
– Used before passive stretching techniques (techniques to increase the ROM, when ROM is restricted).
Precautions
• Acute recovery stage; could disturb healing process
– Move in pain free ROM or patient’s tolerance
• Hart diseases
– Often monitor vital signs
• Injuries after too much applying PROM or bad techniques
– Increase pain
– Inflammation
– Myositis ossificans
Contraindications
• When patient response or the condition is life-threathening.
Continuous Passive Motion (CPM)
• Passivemotionperformedbyamechanicdevicethatmove joint slowly and continuously through a controlled ROM.
• Effectiveinlesseningthenegativeeffectsofjoint immobilization in conditions such as arthritis, contractures, and intra-articular fractures.
• EffectiveinimprovingtherecoveryrateandROMinvarietyof surgical procedures.
General Guidelines for CPM
• Suddenlyusedaftersurgerywhilethepatientisstillunder anesthesia or as soon as possible if bulky dressings prevent early motion.
• Startat20-30degreesofmovementandthenincrease gradually (10-15 degrees per day) within patient’s tolerance.
• Speed; 1 cycle per 45 sec or 2 min is well tolerated.
• Duration;lessthan1weekorwhenasatisfactoryROMis reached. The amount of time on CPM is vary depending on treatment methods
– 24 hrs.
– 1hr,3timesaday
– 3-5 hrs/day