Research on the role of DA in WM improvement is still in itsinfancy. In this concluding section, we delineate several lines forfuture research that should be worth pursuing. The first of thesedeals with the issue of transfer of learning. Dahlin et al. (2008a,b)and Bäckman et al. (2011) observed transfer from letter-memorytraining to n-back in younger adults. As noted, although both thesetasks tax updating, they differ on numerous dimensions, includingmemorial content, set size, task pacing, response format, and brainactivation patterns prior to training. Thus, the training may havestrengthened a general updating skill. Dahlin et al. (2008b) identi-fied a neural correlate of this transfer effect: overlapping caudateBOLD activity for letter memory and n-back before training, andincreased activity in the same region for both tasks post training