The turnover rates of soil, TC, TN, and TOC through crab burrowing were the highest in mudflats,followed by Phragmites marsh and Spartina marsh (Table 2). The estimated mean turnover time was 1–4 years in this study (Table 2). The turnover times of soil, TC, and TOC in Spartina marsh were the longest, and those in mudflats
were the shortest. However, the turnover time of TN in Phragmites marsh was longer than that in Spartina marsh (Table 2).