The Schwann cells or peripheral nerve neuroglia is specific to both the peripheral and autonomic nervous system [1] and can be further defined as those Schwann cells that form myelin [2], non-myelin forming Schwann cells of the peripheral nervous system [3] and autonomic nervous systems [4], perisynaptic Schwann cells [5] and the perineuronal satellite cells (PSC) of the dorsal root ganglia [6] and the autonomic ganglia [7]. The importance of these neuroglia is now highlighted by the increasing evidence of their roles in immune modulation, maintenance of normal nervous system function and responses to damage, disease and repair and their contribution to the pain spectrum [6,8].