They encouraged academic understanding , development of critical thinking skills, understanding of identity and diversity, and democratic practices. Networking skills, negotiation skills, decision-making skills, and understanding of values necessary for citizenship are evident learning goals. Underscoring these practices were variant goals for knowledge acquisition and enhancing cognitive and social skills. With regard to the concern for examinations, knowledge is viewed as fixed and can be transmitted while dynamic at the same time that it can address the need of society for teachers who are concerned in developing active and autonomous learners.