Three responses to this are worth making. First, we should recognize that this is a utilitarian argument which, even if valid, would not justify the violation of employee rights. For example, it might turn out that a system of slavery or child labor is more efficient economically than the alternatives. But it would be unethi¬cal to adopt such a system nonetheless. So, too, with rights to due process. If the cost of economic efficiency would be the violation of employee rights to respect, autonomy, and fairness, then we must conclude that efficiency be sacrificed!