Multiple additional risk factors have been shown
to increase the rates of VAP. These are easily divided
into non-modifiable and modifiable categories. Nonmodifiable
risk factors include male gender, increased
age (over 60 yr), history of chronic obstructive
pulmonary disease, presence of a tracheostomy or
cranial trauma, recent neurologic surgery, acute
respiratory distress syndrome, multiorgan system
failure, and coma. Potentially modifiable risk factors
include supine positioning, gastric overdistension,
colonization of ventilator circuits, low pressure in the
ETT cuff and repeated patient transfers6,
Multiple additional risk factors have been shownto increase the rates of VAP. These are easily dividedinto non-modifiable and modifiable categories. Nonmodifiablerisk factors include male gender, increasedage (over 60 yr), history of chronic obstructivepulmonary disease, presence of a tracheostomy orcranial trauma, recent neurologic surgery, acuterespiratory distress syndrome, multiorgan systemfailure, and coma. Potentially modifiable risk factorsinclude supine positioning, gastric overdistension,colonization of ventilator circuits, low pressure in theETT cuff and repeated patient transfers6,
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