If ports are to conform to the standards increasingly expected all over the world in terms of technology, efficiency and cost, most will require substantial shedding of labour during restructuring. In ports worldwide this has often been as much as two thirds of the work force. Although there may be numerous reasons behind this restructuring, competitive pressures are the most likely impetus. Other reasons include a spatial shift in the location of many tasks that were previously performed inside the port. For example, the stuffing and unstuffing of containers has moved to cheaper, inland, dry container depots, leading to workforce reductions as the port and demarcation disputes.
If ports are to conform to the standards increasingly expected all over the world in terms of technology, efficiency and cost, most will require substantial shedding of labour during restructuring. In ports worldwide this has often been as much as two thirds of the work force. Although there may be numerous reasons behind this restructuring, competitive pressures are the most likely impetus. Other reasons include a spatial shift in the location of many tasks that were previously performed inside the port. For example, the stuffing and unstuffing of containers has moved to cheaper, inland, dry container depots, leading to workforce reductions as the port and demarcation disputes.
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