The huge success of the Special Economic Zones (SEZs) established in China has
been attributable to a couple different factors. The centralisation of the Chinese economy
allowed the government to set up these SEZs where they saw fit, dictating domesticmigration and population patterns for decades to come. As a result, urbanisation has been
concentrated in a small number of economically strategic locations. The fragmentation in
the Indian system, attributable to its democratic governmental structure, has not allowed
for such precise coordination and has thus led to slower urbanisation and a lesser skilled
work force. Larger urban areas permit greater industrial concentration which “generates a
higher level of employment than what can be achieved with industries spread out in
separate urban areas. Higher levels of Urbanisation mean a large overall labor market and
a large service sector interacting with manufacturing.”
25 Mitra’s point emphasises where
China currently is in terms of economic growth and where India should aspire to be, via a
more concise and coordinated approach to an industrial transition. Mitra also highlights
that “average productivity increases with the size of the labor market, as average match
between the skill characteristics of workers and the job requirements of firms improves
with an increase in the size of the labor market.”
26 This is yet another more attainable
condition for China than for India.
The developmental state model has been pursued by China and India with
varying success. The goals of difficult policies aimed at implementing and/or
monitoring, like population control, are more achievable with the presence of an
authoritarian regime.27 While it deserves much credit for maintaining the world’s largest
democracy, the Indian government is slow and unresponsive when the issues of
population growth and economic performance require nimbleness and decisiveness. First
possible steps in alleviating the stress of population growth on economic performance
might rest with empowering women through education which would, in effect, reduce
fertility rates which, in turn, would raise per capita incomes, thus allowing for greater
education investments in children, precipitating urbanisation as a more skilled workforce
searches for employment that spurs technological advancement. While there is still
much that can be written on the effects of population growth on economic performance,
especially in such rapidly developing (and growing) countries like China and India, this
article has aimed to highlight certain key factors of population and economic growth and
has attempted to illustrate the causal links between: per capita income, fertility and
lagged fertility rates, technological advancement, education and family planning
services (or population control policies in the case of China), and the aspects the
government is able to affect.
25 Mitra, Arup. “Total Factor Productivity Growth
The huge success of the Special Economic Zones (SEZs) established in China hasbeen attributable to a couple different factors. The centralisation of the Chinese economyallowed the government to set up these SEZs where they saw fit, dictating domesticmigration and population patterns for decades to come. As a result, urbanisation has beenconcentrated in a small number of economically strategic locations. The fragmentation inthe Indian system, attributable to its democratic governmental structure, has not allowedfor such precise coordination and has thus led to slower urbanisation and a lesser skilledwork force. Larger urban areas permit greater industrial concentration which “generates ahigher level of employment than what can be achieved with industries spread out inseparate urban areas. Higher levels of Urbanisation mean a large overall labor market anda large service sector interacting with manufacturing.”25 Mitra’s point emphasises whereChina currently is in terms of economic growth and where India should aspire to be, via amore concise and coordinated approach to an industrial transition. Mitra also highlightsthat “average productivity increases with the size of the labor market, as average matchbetween the skill characteristics of workers and the job requirements of firms improveswith an increase in the size of the labor market.”26 This is yet another more attainablecondition for China than for India.The developmental state model has been pursued by China and India withvarying success. The goals of difficult policies aimed at implementing and/ormonitoring, like population control, are more achievable with the presence of anauthoritarian regime.27 While it deserves much credit for maintaining the world’s largestdemocracy, the Indian government is slow and unresponsive when the issues ofpopulation growth and economic performance require nimbleness and decisiveness. Firstpossible steps in alleviating the stress of population growth on economic performancemight rest with empowering women through education which would, in effect, reducefertility rates which, in turn, would raise per capita incomes, thus allowing for greatereducation investments in children, precipitating urbanisation as a more skilled workforcesearches for employment that spurs technological advancement. While there is stillmuch that can be written on the effects of population growth on economic performance,especially in such rapidly developing (and growing) countries like China and India, thisarticle has aimed to highlight certain key factors of population and economic growth andhas attempted to illustrate the causal links between: per capita income, fertility andlagged fertility rates, technological advancement, education and family planningservices (or population control policies in the case of China), and the aspects thegovernment is able to affect.25 Mitra, Arup. “Total Factor Productivity Growth
การแปล กรุณารอสักครู่..
