This problem of inference can be solved by including the security classification attribute as part of the primary key for a relation. In the above example, the insertion of the new tuple into the Client relation is allowed, and the relation instance is modified as shown in Figure 19.3(b). Users with clearance C see the first two tuples and the newly added tuple, but users with clearance S or TS see all five tuples. The result is a relation with two tuples with a clientNo of CR74, which can be confusing. This situation may be dealt with by assuming that the tuple with the higher classification takes priority over the other, or by only revealing a single tuple according to the user’s clearance. The presence of data objects that appear to have different values to users with different clearances is called polyinstantiation.