and differentiate heart failure from other conditions that produce shortness of breath, dyspnea on exer tion, coughing, and fatigue (eg, pulmonary disease deconditioning).
Heart failure symptoms typically worsen with activity and improve with rest.
Cough and shortness of breath may increase when lying down and improve with sitting up.
Determining the severity of symptoms aids in establish ing functional class and evaluating the success of therapy The nurse asks the patient about medications and herbal supple ments because a complete medication history ma provide clues to the underlying cause.
For exampl patients taking nonsteroidal anti-inflammator drugs (NSAIDs) may present with worsening hea failure and renal function because of the effect of tag NSAIDs on renal blood flow When the pathophysiological changes of heart failure occur over a long period, the body adapts and compensates.
In acute heart failure, there is no time for compensation or adaptation, and the clini cal manifestations are severe. Symptoms in patient with an acute exacerbation of heart failure mav include
and differentiate heart failure from other conditions that produce shortness of breath, dyspnea on exer tion, coughing, and fatigue (eg, pulmonary disease deconditioning). Heart failure symptoms typically worsen with activity and improve with rest. Cough and shortness of breath may increase when lying down and improve with sitting up. Determining the severity of symptoms aids in establish ing functional class and evaluating the success of therapy The nurse asks the patient about medications and herbal supple ments because a complete medication history ma provide clues to the underlying cause. For exampl patients taking nonsteroidal anti-inflammator drugs (NSAIDs) may present with worsening hea failure and renal function because of the effect of tag NSAIDs on renal blood flow When the pathophysiological changes of heart failure occur over a long period, the body adapts and compensates. In acute heart failure, there is no time for compensation or adaptation, and the clini cal manifestations are severe. Symptoms in patient with an acute exacerbation of heart failure mav include
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