existing science infrastructure, and research and development facilities Exogenous factors include clusters intentionally and purposely formed by central and local authorities universities and research and development institutions, and business support organisations. Cluster initiatives undertaken by universities and research and development institutions are quite rare in Poland but a few attempts have been made to shape exogenous clusters. The shape of company concentrations as a result of exogenous processes have to meet certain criteria to be regarded as clusters: (1) companies should be located in a certain compact area; (2) bonds should exist between companies; (3) the process of shaping a ciuster should be coordinated by the state or self-government bodies or institutions, a resilient research and development nstitution, or a strong enterprise such as a key supplier or customer of other participants in the cluster. Pasieczny (2006) also identifies the hard and soft factors which are both conducive and hampering to cluster formation Hard endogenous factors include: distinct diversification of technical and telecommunication infrastructure