It is important to take a critical look at TQM as it has become a large part of the
corporate world and the success or failure of TQM is almost as difficult to measure as it is to agree upon a universally accepted definition. In their review of the literature, Grandzol and Gershon (1997) found that among surveyed hospitals, 94 percent had a formal TQM program in place. They further found 66 percent of surveyed primary and secondary schools had a formal TQM program.