The impact of class time lengths on student achievement appears to be a complex issue with no definitive answers. A major theme across many of the studies reviewed is that the amount of instructional time is not so important as how that time is spent. In their revised introduction to the Prisoners of Time (National Education Commission on Time and Learning, 2005), Goldberg and Cross state, "We call not only for more learning time, but for all time to be used in new and better ways" (pg. 2). Another theme is that more time is not a silver bullet; alone, extended learning time is not enough to change educational outcomes because it must be accompanied by other practices, many of which are complex to implement (Pennington, 2006). However, supported by the implementation of research based-educational practices, extended learning time can be used effectively as a strategy for improving the performance and learning of disadvantaged and minority students.