for our subsequent regression analyses. Specifically, we compared three levels of maternal
alcohol consumption per week during pregnancy (< 1 drink per week, 1–3 drinks per week,
and 4 or more drinks per week) to no alcohol use, the control variable. Hence, the remain-
ing categories (4–6 drinks per week, 7–13, 14–19, and 20 or more) were combined to cre-
ate a relatively heavy consumption category of 4 or more drinks per week.
Dependent Variables
We organized children’s developmental outcomes into two dimensions: first, measures
associated with children’s mental and motor development; second, measures associated
with children’s social/interaction or behavioral development. Direct child assessments of
infants at 9 months were conducted with the Bayley Short Form–Research Edition (BSF-R)
in mental and motor domains and with the Nursing Child Assessment Teaching Scale
(NCATS), which measures parent–child social interaction. Data from items of the Behavior
Rating Scale (BRS) were gathered through a combination of examiner observation and
questions to the parent. Finally, the Infant/Toddler Symptom Checklist (ITSC) relies on
parental report.
Measures
BSF-R of the Bayley Scales of Infant Development–Second Edition. The BSF-R is a short
version of the Bayley Scales of Infant Development–Second Edition (BSID-II; 1993), and
it was developed for administration in the ECLS-B 9- and 48-month data collection. Key
constructs from the BSID-II were addressed in the BSF-R, and items were developed to be
equated to the BSID-II using item response theory to establish valid measures of Mental
and Motor subscales in a form that could be administered in less time. Items from the
for our subsequent regression analyses. Specifically, we compared three levels of maternal
alcohol consumption per week during pregnancy (< 1 drink per week, 1–3 drinks per week,
and 4 or more drinks per week) to no alcohol use, the control variable. Hence, the remain-
ing categories (4–6 drinks per week, 7–13, 14–19, and 20 or more) were combined to cre-
ate a relatively heavy consumption category of 4 or more drinks per week.
Dependent Variables
We organized children’s developmental outcomes into two dimensions: first, measures
associated with children’s mental and motor development; second, measures associated
with children’s social/interaction or behavioral development. Direct child assessments of
infants at 9 months were conducted with the Bayley Short Form–Research Edition (BSF-R)
in mental and motor domains and with the Nursing Child Assessment Teaching Scale
(NCATS), which measures parent–child social interaction. Data from items of the Behavior
Rating Scale (BRS) were gathered through a combination of examiner observation and
questions to the parent. Finally, the Infant/Toddler Symptom Checklist (ITSC) relies on
parental report.
Measures
BSF-R of the Bayley Scales of Infant Development–Second Edition. The BSF-R is a short
version of the Bayley Scales of Infant Development–Second Edition (BSID-II; 1993), and
it was developed for administration in the ECLS-B 9- and 48-month data collection. Key
constructs from the BSID-II were addressed in the BSF-R, and items were developed to be
equated to the BSID-II using item response theory to establish valid measures of Mental
and Motor subscales in a form that could be administered in less time. Items from the
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