Human capital
Human capital refers to the array of competencies, knowledge, personality and social characteristics that an individual needs to develop in order to produce tangible resources (i.e. income, possessions) (Bradley and Corwyn, 2002). It is determined by macro- and micro-level environmental set- tings. Macro-level settings refer to large systems such as an individual’s socio-economic status (SES), religion, culture and economic conditions at a given point in time. These are linked to more proximal micro-level environments, such as family and work. Thus, the micro-level structures are situated within the macro-level setting and comprise the necessary vehicles for an individual’s behavioral change and development (Bolger et al., 1988).